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A ''motu proprio'' (Latin for: "on his own impulse") is a document issued by the Pope (or by a monarch) on his own initiative and personally signed by him.〔Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3), s.v. motu proprio〕 When issued by the Pope, a ''motu proprio'' may be addressed to the whole Church, to part of it, or to some individuals.〔 The first ''motu proprio'' was issued by Pope Innocent VIII in 1484. It continues to be a common form of Papal rescripts, especially when establishing institutions, making minor changes to law or procedure, and when granting favours to persons or institutions.〔(Catholic Encyclopedia, s.v. Motu Proprio )〕 ==Effect== An important effect of the issue of a document in this way is that a rescript containing the clause "motu proprio" is valid and produces its effect even in cases where fraud would ordinarily have vitiated the document, since the Pope does not rely on the reasons alleged when he grants a favour.〔 Withholding of the truth in what, according to canonical law, style and practice, must for validity be expressed, normally renders a rescript invalid, but not if the rescript is issued "motu proprio".〔(Code of Canon Law, canon 63 §1 )〕 Consequently, canonists traditionally called the clause the "mother of repose".〔 However, a ''motu proprio'' has no effect in so far as it harms the acquired right of another or is contrary to a law〔According to the article in the 1911 Catholic Encyclopedia, a motu proprio was at that time considered valid even if counter to ecclesiastical law.〕 or approved custom, unless it expressly states that it is derogating from these matters.〔(Code of Canon Law, canon 38 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Motu proprio」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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